What specific measures are there to promote technological innovation in tungsten resources?

　　Promoting technological innovation in tungsten resources requires focusing on core aspects such as resource extraction, processing and utilization, recycling, and the research and development of alternative materials. This should be combined with a collaborative mechanism among industry, academia, research, and application to overcome key technological bottlenecks. Specific measures and implementation directions are as follows:

　　I. Innovation in Extraction and Ore Dressing Technology

　　1. Efficient Development of Low-Grade and Associated Ores

　　Research and development of efficient ore dressing processes: For low-grade tungsten ores accounting for over 70% of China's reserves (such as quartz vein tungsten ores in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces), promote the combined flotation-gravity separation process and nano-bubble flotation technology to improve the grade of tungsten concentrate (from the current average of 20%-30% to over 40%) and recovery rate (from 60%-70% to over 80%).

　　Comprehensive utilization technology for associated ores: In polymetallic associated ores such as copper, molybdenum, and tin, develop simultaneous recovery technology for tungsten and valuable metals (such as magnetic separation-electrostatic separation coupled process) to prevent tungsten resources from being lost with tailings.

　　2. Breakthrough in Green Mining Technology

　　Intelligent unmanned mining: Promote unmanned mining trucks and intelligent blasting systems in open-pit mines, and pilot remote-controlled rock drilling jumbos and filling mining robots in underground mines to reduce labor costs and safety risks, and improve mining efficiency.

　　Research and development of environmentally friendly mining agents: Replace traditional highly toxic ore dressing agents (such as cyanide) with bio-based collectors and low-toxicity inhibitors (such as starch derivatives) to reduce the pollution of water and soil from mining.

　　II. Innovation in Smelting and Processing Technology

　　1. Green Smelting Process Innovation

　　Low-energy consumption tungsten smelting technology: Promote microwave-assisted decomposition of tungsten ore technology to reduce the energy consumption of traditional alkali decomposition by over 30%; develop bioleaching technology (using microorganisms to dissolve tungsten minerals) to achieve efficient extraction of low-grade ores under normal temperature and pressure, reducing carbon emissions from high-temperature roasting.

　　Ammonium-free smelting process: Replace the ammonia nitrogen emission process in traditional APT production with the sodium hydroxide-carbon dioxide cycle method to achieve zero discharge of tungsten smelting wastewater, while reducing soda ash consumption by 20%.

　　2. High-Performance Tungsten Material Preparation Technology

　　Nano tungsten alloy technology: Through the preparation of nano WC-Co composite powder (such as spray drying-chemical reduction method), develop ultrafine cemented carbide with a grain size of less than 0.5 microns, with a hardness of over 1600HV, and wear resistance improved by 50%, used for aerospace precision parts.

　　Additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology: Overcome the difficulties in laser melting and forming of tungsten powder, develop spherical tungsten powder suitable for SLM (selective laser melting) (particle size 15-53μm, purity 99.95%), realize rapid prototyping of complex tungsten parts (such as engine nozzles), and increase material utilization rate from 40% in traditional processing to 90%.

　　3. Surface Coating and Life Extension Technology

　　Multilayer composite coating technology: Deposit TiAlN/TiCN multilayer coatings on the surface of tungsten carbide tools, combined with ion implantation pretreatment, to extend the tool life by 3-5 times, increase cutting speed by 20%-30%, and reduce tungsten material consumption.

　　Laser surface alloying technology: Prepare wear-resistant ceramic composite layers (such as WC/CoCrW) on the surface of tungsten products through laser cladding, used for easily worn parts such as mining machinery scrapers and oil drill bits, extending the service life by over 50%.

　　III. Innovation in Recycling Technology

　　1. Efficient Recovery and Purification Technology

　　Pyrometallurgical-hydrometallurgical combined recovery process: For waste cemented carbide, develop vacuum carbon reduction-selective leaching technology to increase tungsten recovery rate from 90% in traditional processes to over 98%, while achieving simultaneous recovery of cobalt, nickel and other precious metals.

　　Tungsten extraction technology from electronic waste: From the solder joints and connectors of scrapped mobile phones and computer motherboards, use ultrasonic-assisted acid leaching-ion exchange method to separate tungsten from copper, tin and other metals, with tungsten purity reaching 99.5%, suitable for high-end electronic slurry production.

　　2. Direct Utilization Technology for Recycled Tungsten

　　Direct alloying technology for waste materials: Prepare recycled alloy ingots from waste tungsten carbide through plasma melting-rapid solidification, eliminating the traditional "crushing-grinding-powdering" process, reducing energy consumption by 40%, and the performance of recycled alloy is comparable to that of native alloy (hardness deviation <5%).

　　3D printing waste recycling: Establish a metal 3D printing waste powder recycling production line, through airflow classification and surface purification technology, restore the sphericity of recycled tungsten powder to over 95%, which can be directly used for the next printing, reducing material cost by 30%.

　　IV. Innovation in Alternative Materials and Reduction Technology

　　1. Research and Development of Tungsten-Free/Low-Tungsten Materials

　　Ceramic matrix composites: Develop Al₂O₃/SiCw (whisker) ceramic tools, with a hardness of 1800HV, which can replace 60% of tungsten carbide tools for cast iron processing, reducing costs by 20%.

　　High-temperature alloy alternatives: In the combustion chamber components of aero-engines, use nickel-based single crystal alloy + ceramic coating to replace some tungsten alloys, reducing tungsten usage by 30%-50%.

　　2. Material Reduction Design Technology

　　Topology optimization and bionic design: Use CAE software to conduct lightweight structural design of tungsten products (such as hollow gears, honeycomb molds), reducing material usage by 15%-25% while maintaining strength.

　　Gradient functional material technology: Prepare gradient cemented carbide with high hardness on the surface and high toughness in the core (such as WC-Co gradient coating), increasing the cutting edge hardness of the tool to 1400HV, while reducing the cobalt content in the core by 5%, and reducing the overall tungsten usage by 8%-10%

　　V. Construction of an Innovative Ecosystem

　　1. Industry-Academia-Research-Application Collaborative Innovation Platform

　　Establish a national-level tungsten industry research institute: Collaborate with universities such as Central South University and Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, and enterprises such as Xiamen Tungsten and Zhangyuan Tungsten, to establish a full-chain platform of "basic research - pilot test - industrialization", focusing on tackling key technologies (such as high-end tungsten powder purity control and uniform dispersion of nano-alloys).

　　Establish an industrial innovation fund: The government and enterprises will invest in a ratio of 1:3, with an annual input of 5-10 billion yuan, to support small and medium-sized enterprises in carrying out "short, flat, and fast" projects such as tungsten resource recycling and intelligent equipment R&D.

　　2. Standard and Intellectual Property Layout

　　Lead in formulating international standards: Promote the formulation of standards for ultra-fine tungsten powder particle size distribution and testing methods for recycled tungsten alloys in international organizations such as ISO and ASTM, seizing the right to speak in the industry.

　　Strengthen patent pool construction: Encourage enterprises to establish patent alliances around areas such as green smelting, 3D printing, and recycling technology to avoid repeated R&D of core technologies and intellectual property disputes.

　　3. Talent Cultivation and International Cooperation

　　Establish the "Tungsten Material Excellent Engineer" program: Offer specialized training programs in tungsten metallurgy and powder metallurgy in universities, implement a "dual-mentor system" with enterprises, and cultivate 500 professional and technical personnel annually.

　　Establish international joint laboratories: Cooperate with institutions such as RWTH Aachen University in Germany and Carnegie Mellon University in the United States to conduct research in cutting-edge fields such as tungsten-based ultra-high-temperature materials and atomic layer deposition technology, introducing overseas intellectual resources.

　　VI. Policy and Market Incentive Measures

　　1. Technological Innovation Subsidies and Tax Incentives

　　Enterprises using green smelting technology and recycled tungsten utilization technology will receive subsidies of 15%-20% of the equipment investment; a 175% additional deduction policy will be implemented for R&D expenses.

　　Establish a first-purchase system for innovative tungsten resource products: The government will give priority to purchasing enterprises that use innovative products such as 3D-printed tungsten components and low-tungsten ceramic tools, helping new technologies quickly enter the market.

　　2. Green Technology Certification and Market Access

　　Implement a green label system for tungsten products: Products with a recycled tungsten ratio exceeding 30% will be awarded a "Green Tungsten Material" mark and given extra points in government procurement and bidding.

　　Formulate an elimination catalog for high-energy-consuming tungsten smelting processes: Clearly eliminate backward production capacity (such as the traditional sodium carbonate sintering method) before 2025, forcing enterprises to adopt new technologies.

　　Summary: Core Directions of Technological Innovation

　　Resource side: Shifting from "mining - smelting" to "efficient utilization - recycling", breaking through the value mining technology of low-grade ores and waste materials.

　　Industry side: Shifting from "low-end mass production" to "high-end customization", enhancing the added value of tungsten materials through nanotechnology, intelligence, and lightweighting.

　　Ecological side: Shifting from "high-carbon and high-pollution" to "low-carbon and circular", constructing a technological system for green smelting and zero-waste production.

　　Through the above technological innovations, the comprehensive utilization rate of tungsten resources can be significantly improved (the target is to increase from the current approximately 60% to over 85%), reducing resource consumption per unit output value, while enhancing China's technological leadership in the global tungsten industry chain and providing support for resource security under the "dual carbon" goals.